Introspection vs Behaviourism - 849 Words

So, should psychology study things and hypothesize about things that are not directly observable? Before I begin my argument I want to point out that the word psychology is the combination of two terms - study (ology) and soul (psyche), or mind. The derivation of the word from Latin gives it this clear and obvious meaning: The study of the soul or mind. I believe that Behaviourists such as Watson wished to alter the meaning of the word ‘psychology’ because it was not sufficient or capable of answering the metaphysical questions such as â€Å"what is the mind?† and â€Å"what is consciousness?† They believed that the discipline could only be effective or ‘scientific’ if every hypothetical question could be operationalized and therefore quantified,†¦show more content†¦Human motivations, emotions, thoughts and behaviours are messy, unpredictable and every human being is a unique bit of mystery. Maybe it shouldn’t be a question of ‘can the experiment be replicated in the laboratory’ because we don’t live in labs. I believe a more pragmatic approach will eventually answer many of the questions psychology struggles with and that’s also what I think MacDougall was advocating in his argument. Watson, as a leading behaviourist of the day advocated for complete rejection of mental phenomena and the concept of consciousness had no place in science b/c mental phenomena cannot be directly observable. So Watson was suggesting that psychology can only be defined as a science if it denies the mind, whaa?! I suggest advocates for this position would instead be more comfortable if they left â€Å"Psych†ology to its rightful place as the study of the human mind, and therefore human nature, and instead form a science called Behaviourology. But really, what is the point of experimenting and making observations if you don’t further attempt to determine WHY the observed behaviour occurs? For example: take a child that was physically abused every day of his life and then observe that he grows into an adult who physically abuses his children. Wow how fascinating, not. I believe that this only becomes a question for/of psychology when the observer attempts to determine WHY these patterns ofShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Psychology And New Schools1057 Words   |  5 Pagesdown of mental processes into its most fundamental components in trying to understand a person s mind. Then came functionalism (James,1902). Functionalists weren t concerned with mental processes, but in the role, that these processes played. Behaviourism (Watson, 1931) attempts to explain behaviour by environmental causes rather than by internal forces. They believe in experimenting on observable components while completely ignoring the unobservable mental processes. Gestalt psychology (WertheimerRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind And Behavior1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we are born with imprinted knowledge. Aristotle, a student of Plato, theorized the concept that we were born a blank canvas and the development of our minds are sculpted by our experience, demonstrating that modern psychological debates of nature VS nurture, and interests of the functions of the mind, have been discussed for centuries. Psychology as we know it today is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour. All scientists whether chemists, biologists, physicists or psychologists mustRead MorePsychology Ncert Book 1 Chapter Notes11190 Words   |  45 Pagesconstituents or the building blocks of the mind. Psychologists during Wundt’s time analysed the structure of the mind through introspection and therefore were called structuralists. Introspection was a procedure in which individuals or subjects in psychological experiments were asked to describe in detail, their own mental processes or experiences. However, introspection as a method did not satisfy many other psychologists. It was considered less scientific because the introspective reports couldRead MoreThe Philosophy of Happiness11705 Words   |  47 Pagesanother’s. But he does not really address the problem inherent in the Greatest Happiness Principle, that it leaves room for the misery of an individual to be discounted in order to inc rease the he overall total of happiness in the community. Happiness vs Duty At the opposite extreme from utilitarianism, in modern times, stands the moral theory of Kant. Kant’s starting point is that the only thing that is good without qualification is a good will. Talents, character, and fortune can be used to bad ends

Risk Management Failures of British Petroleum - 2022 Words

BP is a British global energy company which is the third largest energy company and the fourth largest company in the world. As a multinational oil company, BP is the UK s largest corporation, with its headquarters in St James s, City of Westminster, London. BP America s headquarters is in the One Westlake Park in the Energy Corridor area of Houston, Texas; the company is among the largest private sector energy corporations in the world, and one of the six leaders. In order to project social responsibility and improve its image British Petroleum changed its name into BP in year 2000 with a logo of green and yellow sunflower patterns. Paradoxically the same company symbol is now under derision and the object of controversial attacks†¦show more content†¦On 16 October 2007 Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation officials reported a toxic spill of methanol (methyl alcohol) at the Prudhoe Bay oil field managed by BP PLC. Nearly 2,000 gallons of mostly methanol, mixed with some crude oil and water, spilled onto a frozen tundra pond as well as a gravel pad from a pipeline. Methanol, which is poisonous to plants and animals, is used to clear ice from the insides of the Arctic-based pipelines. From January 2006 to January 2008, three workers were killed at the company s Texas City, Texas refinery in three separate accidents. In July 2006 a worker was crushed between a pipe stack and mechanical lift, in June 2007, a worker was electrocuted, and in January 2008, a worker was killed by a 500-pound piece of metal that came loose under high pressure and hit him. On April 1 2009, a Bond Offshore Helicopters Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma ferrying workers from BP s platform in the Miller oilfield in the North Sea off Scotland crashed in good weather killing all 16 on board. On April 20, 2010, a semi-submersible exploratory offshore drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico exploded after a blowout and sank two days later, killing eleven people and causing a massive oil spill threatening the coast of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, and Florida. The rig is owned and operated by Transocean Ltd on behalf of BP, which is the majority owner of the oil field. The company originally estimated the size of the leakShow MoreRelatedRisk Management Is Important Within An Organization Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesRisk management is an effort to take the risk associated with a company and finding ways to minimize it from causing significant and unexpected harm on the business. In April 2010, a British Petroleum and Transocean Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded resulting in one of history’s largest spills in the Gulf of Mexico. This spill was so devastating that it took almost four years and billions of dollars to clean up. The environmental damage cannot ev en be fully determined and the economic damage hasRead MoreThe Critical Success Factor Of British Petroleum1562 Words   |  7 Pagesas well as the operational business reputation of a corporation is critical to the survivability of the corporation in today’s business world. Today we will put our focus on one of UK’s largest multinational oils company’s. In the case with British Petroleum (BP) as it actively explores oil in 26 countries around the world, due to BP’s lack of focus on the safety issues presented in the 2004 Telos Group report coupled with the oversight and control to correct safety hazards, the Texas plant experiencedRead MoreIs Hydrogen A Colorless And Odorless Gas?1168 Words   |  5 Pagesitems to name a few. Hydrogen is most commonly found in water on earth. In April of 2010, Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company, a petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington had an incident that involving hydrogen (U.S. Chemical Safety and Investigative Board, 2014). During their process, the company runs Catalytic Reformer / Naphtha Hydrotreater units for petroleum refining. Tesoro uses a 6600-E heat exchanger for this process. According to the report from the U.S. Chemical Safety and InvestigativeRead MoreThe Spill Caused By The British Petroleum Oil Spill1121 Words   |  5 Pages On April 20th, 2010 forty miles of the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico, the largest oil spill in the United States occurred. The explosion on the British Petroleum oil rig killed eleven people and injured seventeen others resulting in eleven counts of manslaughter, two misdemeanors, and a felony against the corporate giant. The spill caused 200 million gallons of crude oil to be pumped into the waters, which lasted a total of eighty-seven days. Texas, Louisian a, Alabama, Florida, and MississippiRead MoreThe Anglo Persian Oil Company1555 Words   |  7 PagesWinston Churchill, who had taken a new role in British politics as First Lord of the Admiralty, came to the rescue. Churchill felt that Britain needed a dedicated oil supply. So Churchill looked to the British owned Anglo-Persian Oil Company. Soon after, the UK government became a major shareholder in the company. Eight weeks later the Great War had begun. During the war, the British government seized British Petroleum assets. Despite its name, British Petroleum brand was originally created by a GermanRead MoreBritish Petroleums Report On Their Risk Management Plan1868 Words   |  8 PagesBritish Petroleum will report on their risk management plan and will discuss the top two threats that have occurred, the top opportunity that has been realized, the project risk budget that we have exhausted and the risk management schedule that has been shortened by two months. In general, a ris k is always seen negative, however, by assessing thoroughly and identify risk in the risk register can help identify the opportunities that could impact the project. The risk register will be updated andRead MorePetroleum And Natural Gas Exploration Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pages Executive Summary April 20, 2010 was the beginning of the end for British Petroleum. BP was started in 1901 by William Knox D’Arcy. Their mission is to operate oil and natural gas exploration, while marketing and distributing all over the globe. The primary issues the company faces are rebuilding their business after the tragic oil spill, their low oil prices and internal leadership promotions. Following the 2010 oil spill, all of BP’s top executives were fired, and the company has continuedRead MoreBp Pipeline Case Regarding Ethical Behavior And Decision Makin1709 Words   |  7 PagesBP Pipeline Case regarding Ethical Behaviors and Decision-Makin British Petroleum (BP) has been operating in the United States for decades. They have required most of their refineries through acquisitions in the med the 1900’s, which helped them to become one of the leading oil producers in the world. The acquisition of the Prudhoe Bay, Alaska refineries produces more than five percent of America’s oil. Therefore, it guaranteed BP’s economic goals by continuing producing oil in the United StatesRead MoreStrategic And Value Of Operations Management1599 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Brown, Bessant, and Lamming (2013) indicate that â€Å"Operations management is concerned with those activities that enable an organization to transform a range of basic inputs into outputs for the customer† (p. 4). Operations management is not about limited functions within a company, but rather, it is about expanding its activities in numerous other areas and sectors (e.g. company-wide) in order to meet the needs of the company, customers, shareholders and stakeholders. This case studyRead MoreThe Bp Deepwater Horizon Disaster1006 Words   |  5 PagesDisaster On April 20, 2010, the British Petroleum (BP) leased Deepwater Horizon drilling rig took an unexpected kick of gas pressure from an oil well in the Gulf of Mexico. The release ignited, and through the failure of the blowout preventers progressed into a firestorm. The fire consumed the drilling rig platform, sinking it, causing 11 casualties, and the subsequent release of 4.9 million barrels of oil into in the gulf before the release contained (British Petroleum). The incident is significant

American Red Cross Decision For New Building Free Essays

The American Red Cross is one of the very busy organizations operating both inside the country as well as in international locations. But this does not impede the movement of the internal operation of the organization that ensures that the American Red Cross is always accessible and amenable to new developments that can help it perform better as an international aid and assistance organization. One of the recent internal decisions that the organization made was the transferring of some of its sections to another location from its former business address. We will write a custom essay sample on American Red Cross: Decision For New Building or any similar topic only for you Order Now The transfer will have South Central Division changing its office address, as well as key laboratory facilities and divisions of the American Red Cross including the National Testing Lab or the NTL as well as the Missouri-Illinois Blood Services Region. The previous office address of the three offices is found in 4050 Lindell Boulevard in St. Louis (American Red Cross Blood, 2008). Once the building is completed, they will transfer to a new office found in Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) campus. The start of the timeline of this project can be attributed to the time when a study conducted six years before the official announcement of the transfer was made, yielding results that include the identification of the need for important facelift in the buildings that houses important sections of the organization, including the blood manufacturing and blood processing section. The next important point in the timeline of this project came two years ago, marking the selection of the current location after a painstaking process of narrowing down prospective location candidates that will house the new building (American Red Cross, 2008). This decision no doubt has financial implications, including the identification of important and key costs that will surface before the project reaches completion. The two relevant costs for this particular decision of the American Red Cross to transfer to another establishment will include the cost of the construction of the building and the cost of the new technology that the American Red Cross will bring inside the building since the creation of the building is also a move to have the organization catch up with the available latest technology for its laboratories. While the American Red Cross has not yet identified the official cost of the project, the public may have an idea already if they will base it from the previous American Red Cross projects that involve the erecting of new buildings or the purchasing of existing establishment for the organization. In 1917, the group started shopping for its first national headquarters office, and the money that was used to pay for it came from the government and from private individuals and institutions. The result was a building budgeted at $854,897. 01. A memorial building for the organization followed in 1930, the cost of which pegged at $780,000. There is also the Fiftieth Anniversary Office Building which officially opened its doors on July 7, 1932 after the building project was completed to the tune of $850,000, again shouldered by the government and private groups. Considering the changes in the value of the US dollar and the current costs of building construction and the amenities of the said building, it is easy to say that the new building will amount to not less than 5 million US dollars at the very least (RedCross. org, 2008). There are also some non-relevant costs in this decision, two of which includes the costs of the operation of the American Red Cross for its outreach programs inside the country and for its international operation, and the costs of the education campaign that the American Red Cross is undertaking all year long. The costs of these two particular aspect of the American Red Cross operation is non-relevant to the recently-made decision because this aspect of the operation of the organization is in no way connected to the move of the American Red Cross, since the move will only involve part of the organization’s laboratory work, including the installation of the equipment necessary for blood testing as well as blood manufacturing. All in all, the probable result(s) of this move will include the improvement of the operation of the group, as well as the shouldering of financial costs of the building if it is burdened to pay such amount in the long term. There are implications rising from this result(s), and it would include operation and financial implications made about by this development. References: American Red Cross (2008). Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. redcross. org/ American Red Cross Blood (2008). American Red Cross Blood Services Relocation Announcement. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://americanredcrossblood. org/News/NewsReleases/NewsReleaseViewer/tabid/97/ArticleID/120/CBModuleId/428/Default. aspx Handal, Kathleen A. (1992). The American Red Cross First Aid and Safety Handbook. American Red Cross. Boston: Little Brown. Red Cross. org (2008). Red Cross Square: Headquarters of the American Red Cross. Retrieved May12, 2008, from http://www. redcross. org/museum/history/square. asp How to cite American Red Cross: Decision For New Building, Papers

Business Organization People Collaborates †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business Organization People Collaborates? Answer: Introduction The business organization is the group of people or an individual collaborates so that they can achieve business goals. To start up a business it is very much important to understand the management procedure and business risk that it contains for the market growth. This paper is the critical issue that is related to management and business for an organization. This paper critically discusses the effects and the impacts that an organization gets from management and business procedure. Paper also shows the business practice for an organization that is hypothetically selected for this paper. The company is a startup company and the paper discusses the performance, effect, and impact of the organization. Main Context Foodmart is the restaurant company in Australia that is going to be a startup in the year 2017. At present it is a small restaurant with only 100 people will be working in it. This restaurant is going to be situated in Sydney to get the attention of the students also. The vision and mission of this company are to provide best quality food to their customers and also be the top most restaurants in the food chain industry (Kew, Stredwick, 2016). The strategy is to provide superior and hygienic food and also maintain the dignity of that place. For this company, the functional structure will be the best because this is a restaurant and every person will have a different function to perform, like there will be a chef, waiter, manager, and attendee and so on. The restaurants need to be well classified according to their functional structure so that everyone performs their job well and from the beginning, only the restaurant is able to grow their profitability ratio (Varsei, 2014). This is the best organization structure for the restaurants business, as everyone will have a different function to perform and for that, they will give better performance in their respective field. To start up a business organization it is very much important to understand the impact or the effect that the business can get from its internal and external environmental forces. For any firm, it becomes hard to control their external forces but the internal forces are easily controlled by the firm and also internal environment has a direct impact on the organization (Bargiela-Chiappini, Nickerson, 2014). The internal forces of an organization are the objectives, mission, and vision and values statement of that organization. The management structure is also an internal force that has an impact on the organization. All these internal forces have the ability to affect the growth of the business but this can be controlled with some changes in a strategic decision. External environmental forces are the influences that business effect indirectly and they cannot be controlled. The external environment like the suppliers, customer, financiers, and marketing intermediaries are all micro en vironment forces and they have a direct bearing on the operation forces of a firm (Yang, 2014). Then for the macro environmental forces, there are economic, social, legal, political, and Technical forces that can have an impact on this restaurant business. This is a restaurant company so external forces that will affect more for this organization is the customers and the suppliers. Macro environmental forces are good for restaurant business in Australia and for that this will not affect the organization but the impact will be from customers and suppliers (Wheelen, Hunger, 2017). Being a restaurant business one has to be very particular with their food items and this is the foremost thing that a customer searches in a restaurant. So to maintain the customers it is very much important for the organization to follow their mission, vision, and objective of the company. Micro environmental forces and internal forces will have a huge impact on a company but this can be controlled with pr oper planning and marketing strategy. In a business organization, there are various types of risk like the reputational risk, financial risk, compliance risk, operational risk, strategic risk and so on. But for the restaurants business the definition of risk slightly change like the risk of restaurant failure, then risk regarding food safety, risk regarding the fire and all the above risk that all the business have to face. As it is the startup business and people do not know this brand so the main and the major risk is the reputational risk. Here business does not have any reputation and for that, the risk is high to make that high level of reputation (Lindberg, 2013). Another risk that this restaurant business may face is the food safety risk. Being the high-class restaurants they will try to provide world class food item but the risk is here that if anything happens to the food get destroyed or the raw material is not safe then it is a huge risk for any restaurant company. For this risk, the license can also get cance led. So it is important to look after the risk that is associated with the restaurant business and try to improve the condition. In future, any risk can occur for this business but the organization has to be always preparing for this type of risk. The business practice is the way to enhance business performance and maintain a market growth. For restaurant business or for any other business this practice is very much important as this help to improve the working condition of the firm. In this restaurant business, the practice can be benchmarking, quality management, time management, waste management, supply chain management and another process of employee management (Galbraith, 2014). The benchmarking is the process to build up a standard for the restaurant and follow that standard so that the restaurant has that capability to achieve organizational goal. Being a restaurant, waste and time management is very much required, as there will be many wasted products and other products and also the time for serving food items will be less so these management procedures are highly required for developing the business (Jaques, 2017). It is important for any business to maintain their performance skill and this helps them to grow in the market. For the start-up company, the practice of management procedure is highly required to get an establishment in the market. This type of practice leads the company to its highest desired goal. This also helps the company to maintain their productivity and provide the best service to their customers (Furr, Dyer, 2014). Customer satisfaction is the main objective of this company and for that any type of practice they will be following to get their customer satisfied from their job. Food quality along with the organizational behavior is the most important thing to attract new customers and to maintain a dignity with the old customers. This organization in their starting period only have the target to achieve a best place for their food quality and for that they did their best organizational practice to improve their business quality. The functions of a restaurants business all are important for the establishment and long term profit of that organization (Blair, Marcum, 2015). But in the restaurant business, one of the important functions is the kitchen area or the function of a chef. They are the one who provides best quality of food to the customers and this one thing is the main for enhancing the performance of restaurant business. Chefs have to be good enough to provide superior quality of food with different menus and stylish look. Other functions of a restaurant are the marketing and sales that actually help to improve the growth of a restaurant. Then there is front office executive along with the back office executive and so on. They all do their descriptive functional work and for that, the performances of this restaurant increase day by day. It is important for the members of these restaurants to understand their job role and perform as per the requirement (Saebi, Foss, 2015). The important function of these restaurants is to provide the best food to their customers and be the top most restaurants in the world. The main function restaurant is to provide all the superior quality of service and products to their consumers that they always prefer this restaurant over the entire restaurant in Australia. It is very much important for the organization to understand their business and develop a strategy as per their business and functioning areas (Akgn, 2014). This will help the organization to grow in the market and also be flexible for the market of Australia. Conclusion The main objective of a restaurant business is to provide excellent food to their customers. The start-up restaurant business is also having this as their vision and mission for future growth. This paper concludes that this organization is using a functional structure for their organization in the startup phase so that everyone has their individual function and they can perform as per their designated functions. This restaurant with their business management functions and their business strategic plan has the ability to capture the market for long term growth. References Akgn, A. E., Ince, H., Imamoglu, S. Z., Keskin, H., Kocoglu, ?. (2014). The mediator role of learning capability and business innovativeness between total quality management and financial performance.International Journal of Production Research,52(3), 888-901. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207543.2013.843796 Bargiela-Chiappini, F., Nickerson, C. R. (2014).Writing Business: Genres, Media, and discourses. Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=2P3JAwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=2.%09Bargiela-Chiappini,+F.,+%26+Nickerson,+C.+R.+(2014).+Writing+business:+Genres,+media+and+discourses.+Routledgeots=mS1vliUFT_sig=Yryuz4fh_3k1ke17lImZpUtb5WY Blair, E. S., Marcum, T. M. (2015). Heed Our Advice: Exploring How Professionals Guide Small Business Owners in Start?Up Entity Choice.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), 249-265. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsbm.12073/full Furr, N. R., Dyer, J. (2014).The Innovator's Method: Bringing the Lean Startup Into Your Organization. Harvard Business Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=BQEQBAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR4dq=6.%09Furr,+N.+R.,+%26+Dyer,+J.+(2014).+The+Innovator%27s+Method:+Bringing+the+Lean+Startup+Into+Your+Organization.+Harvard+Business+Press.+ots=eICtxCT5R-sig=kwCVAyWd6Hut407g60_jTrT1_6g Galbraith, J. R. (2014).Designing organizations: Strategy, structure, and process at the business unit and enterprise levels. John Wiley Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=O4aTAgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT6dq=5.%09Galbraith,+J.+R.+(2014).+Designing+organizations:+Strategy,+structure,+and+process+at+the+business+unit+and+enterprise+levels.+John+Wiley+%26+Sons.ots=xPkeVvPUZCsig=glMyQQryYHpZqlOmWOLubCFHy1I Jaques, E. (2017).Requisite organization: A total system for effective managerial organization and managerial leadership for the 21st century. Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=hD8rDwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=important+functions+within+your+business+organisation+ots=TlF4mYygVZsig=2fMkwmCk30PGSfVyVjsoBYgTI2w#v=onepageq=important%20functions%20within%20your%20business%20organisationf=false Kew, J., Stredwick, J. (2016).Human resource management in a business context. Kogan Page Publishers. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=2ezcDgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=1.%09Kew,+J.,+%26+Stredwick,+J.+(2016).+Human+resource+management+in+a+business+context.+Kogan+Page+Publishersots=AA61OohMsSsig=LS9MFmzG8MxnEUEO6ysj3AvJKzo Lindberg, P., Voss, C. A., Blackmon, K. L. (Eds.). (2013).International manufacturing strategies: context, content, and change. Springer Science Business Media. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=UcfSBwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP8dq=4.%09Lindberg,+P.,+Voss,+C.+A.,+%26+Blackmon,+K.+L.+(Eds.).+(2013).+International+manufacturing+strategies:+context,+content+and+change.+Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media.+ots=tB8o6LD3Gdsig=dTYGgQ-GDYayjYrZHCNK8SIGRoI Saebi, T., Foss, N. J. (2015). Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions.European Management Journal,33(3), 201-213. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263237314001248 Varsei, M., Soosay, C., Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J. (2014). Framing sustainability performance of supply chains with multidimensional indicators.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,19(3), 242-257. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/SCM-12-2013-0436 Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017).Strategic management and business policy. Pearson. Retrieved from https://fratstock.eu/sample/Solutions-Manual-Strategic-Management-Business-Policy-Globalization-Innovation-Sustainability-14th-Edition-Wheelen.pdf Yang, L. R., Huang, C. F., Hsu, T. J. (2014). Knowledge leadership to improve project and organizational performance.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), 40-53. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263786313000148